Concepts of Acids and Bases

⊙Arrhenius Concept of Acids and Bases:-
In 1887,The Swedish chemist svante Arrhenius proposed the first successful theory of acids and bases
⊙Acid: -
An acid is a substance that ionizes in water to produce H+ ions.
▷Example: -
HCl,HNO3
⊙Base:-
An base is a substance that ionizes in water to produce OH- ions .
▷Example: -
NaOH,KOH
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⊙The bronsted -lowery concept of Acids and Bases :-
In 1923,The J.N bronsted and T.M Lowery proposed the acid and base theory to remove defects in Arrhenius theory.
⊙Acid:-
An acid is a proton donor .
▷Example: -
H2SO4,CH3COOH,H2S
⊙Base:-
An base is a proton acceptor.
▷Example: -
H20,NH3
                                                            ←→
⊙Lewis Concept of Acid and Bases:-
In 1923, G.N Lewis proposed an acid base theory that is more general than either the Arrhenius or Bronsted- lowery theory.
⊙Acid:-
A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electron to form a coordinate covalent bond
▷ Example: -
AlCl3,H+
⊙Base:-
A Lewis base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a cordinate covalent bond.
▷Example: -
OH-,Cl-

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